A modern English translation drawn directly from the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts. Translated word-for-word where possible, by a committee with scholarly oversight.
Uses the same source texts as the ESV, NASB, and most academic Bibles, including the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia and the Nestle-Aland critical edition.
Daniel 8
Daniel 8 is the eighth chapter of the book of Daniel. The 27-verse chapter records Daniel's vision of a ram and a goat, which the angel Gabriel interprets.
In the third year of King Belshazzar, Daniel sees himself by the Ulai Canal in Susa. A ram with two long horns charges west, north, and south, and no animal can stand against it. Then a goat with a single prominent horn rushes in from the west, so fast it does not touch the ground, and shatters the ram. At the height of its power the goat's great horn is broken, and four horns come up in its place. From one of them a "little horn" grows, exalting itself, halting the daily sacrifice, and trampling the sanctuary and truth.
Daniel hears one holy being ask another how long the vision will last, and the answer is 2,300 evenings and mornings, after which the sanctuary will be restored. As Daniel tries to understand, a voice calls, "Gabriel, explain the vision to this man." Gabriel tells Daniel that the vision concerns the time of the end.
Gabriel then interprets: the two-horned ram is the kings of Media and Persia, and the goat is the king of Greece, with the large horn as its first king. The four horns are four kingdoms that rise from it. In their latter days a bold, cunning king will arise, destroy the holy people, and even stand against the Prince of princes, but he will be broken, not by human hands. Daniel is left exhausted and ill, confounded by a vision beyond his understanding.
Verse 1. In the third year of the reign of King Belshazzar, a vision appeared to me, Daniel, subsequent to the one that had appeared to me earlier.
Verse 2. And in the vision I saw myself in the citadel of Susa, in the province of Elam. I saw in the vision that I was beside the Ulai Canal.
Verse 3. Then I lifted up my eyes and saw a ram with two horns standing beside the canal. The horns were long, but one was longer than the other, and the longer one grew up later.
Verse 4. I saw the ram charging toward the west and the north and the south. No animal could stand against him, and there was no deliverance from his power. He did as he pleased and became great.
Verse 5. As I was contemplating all this, suddenly a goat with a prominent horn between his eyes came out of the west, crossing the surface of the entire earth without touching the ground.
Verse 6. He came toward the two-horned ram I had seen standing beside the canal and rushed at him with furious power.
Verse 7. I saw him approach the ram in a rage against him, and he struck the ram and shattered his two horns. The ram was powerless to stand against him, and the goat threw him to the ground and trampled him, and no one could deliver the ram from his power.
Verse 8. Thus the goat became very great, but at the height of his power, his large horn was broken off, and four prominent horns came up in its place, pointing toward the four winds of heaven.
Verse 9. From one of these horns a little horn emerged and grew extensively toward the south and the east and toward the Beautiful Land.
Verse 10. It grew as high as the host of heaven, and it cast down some of the host and some of the stars to the earth and trampled them.
Verse 11. It magnified itself, even to the Prince of the host; it removed His daily sacrifice and overthrew the place of His sanctuary.
Verse 12. And in the rebellion, the host and the daily sacrifice were given over to the horn, and it flung truth to the ground and prospered in whatever it did.
Verse 13. Then I heard a holy one speaking, and another holy one said to him, “How long until the fulfillment of the vision of the daily sacrifice, the rebellion that causes desolation, and the surrender of the sanctuary and of the host to be trampled?”
Verse 14. He said to me, “It will take 2,300 evenings and mornings; then the sanctuary will be properly restored.”
Verse 15. While I, Daniel, was watching the vision and trying to understand it, there stood before me one having the appearance of a man.
Verse 16. And I heard the voice of a man calling from between the banks of the Ulai: “Gabriel, explain the vision to this man.”
Verse 17. As he came near to where I stood, I was terrified and fell facedown. “Son of man,” he said to me, “understand that the vision concerns the time of the end.”
Verse 18. While he was speaking with me, I fell into a deep sleep, with my face to the ground. Then he touched me, helped me to my feet,
Verse 19. and said, “Behold, I will make known to you what will happen in the latter time of wrath, because it concerns the appointed time of the end.
Verse 20. The two-horned ram that you saw represents the kings of Media and Persia.
Verse 21. The shaggy goat represents the king of Greece, and the large horn between his eyes is the first king.
Verse 22. The four horns that replaced the broken one represent four kingdoms that will rise from that nation but will not have the same power.
Verse 23. In the latter part of their reign, when the rebellion has reached its full measure, an insolent king, skilled in intrigue, will come to the throne.
Verse 24. His power will be great, but it will not be his own. He will cause terrible destruction and succeed in whatever he does. He will destroy the mighty men along with the holy people.
Verse 25. Through his craft and by his hand, he will cause deceit to prosper, and in his own mind he will make himself great. In a time of peace he will destroy many, and he will even stand against the Prince of princes. Yet he will be broken off, but not by human hands.
Verse 26. The vision of the evenings and the mornings that has been spoken is true. Now you must seal up the vision, for it concerns the distant future.”
Verse 27. I, Daniel, was exhausted and lay ill for days. Then I got up and went about the king’s business. I was confounded by the vision; it was beyond understanding.
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